Fix: update docs about snd
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@@ -7,17 +7,17 @@ This tutorial covers everything pitch-related: notes, intervals, chords, voicing
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A note name followed by an octave number compiles to a MIDI integer:
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```forth
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c4 note sine s .
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c4 note sine snd .
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```
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That plays middle C (MIDI 60). `a4` is concert A (69), `e3` is 52. Sharps use `s` or `#`, flats use `b`:
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```forth
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fs4 note 0.5 decay saw s .
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fs4 note 0.5 decay saw snd .
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```
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```forth
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eb4 note 0.8 decay tri s .
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eb4 note 0.8 decay tri snd .
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```
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`fs4` and `f#4` both mean F sharp 4 (MIDI 66). `bb3` is B flat 3 (58). Octave range is -1 to 9.
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@@ -29,13 +29,13 @@ Notes are just integers. They work anywhere an integer works — you can do arit
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An interval duplicates the top of the stack and adds semitones. Stack two intervals to build a chord by hand:
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```forth
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c4 M3 P5 note 1.5 decay sine s .
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c4 M3 P5 note 1.5 decay sine snd .
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```
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That builds a C major triad from scratch: C4 (60), then a major third above (64), then a perfect fifth above the root (67). Three notes on the stack, all played together.
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```forth
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a3 m3 P5 note 1.2 decay va s .
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a3 m3 P5 note 1.2 decay va snd .
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```
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A minor triad: A3, C4, E4.
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@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ A minor triad: A3, C4, E4.
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Custom voicings with wide intervals:
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```forth
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c3 P5 P8 M10 note 1.5 decay sine s .
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c3 P5 P8 M10 note 1.5 decay sine snd .
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```
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C3, G3, C4, E4 — an open-voiced C major spread across two octaves.
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@@ -88,21 +88,21 @@ C3, G3, C4, E4 — an open-voiced C major spread across two octaves.
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Chord words replace a root note with all the chord tones. They're shortcuts for what intervals do manually:
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```forth
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c4 maj note 1.5 decay sine s .
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c4 maj note 1.5 decay sine snd .
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```
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That's the same C major triad, but in one word instead of `M3 P5`. A few more:
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```forth
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d3 min7 note 1.5 decay va s .
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d3 min7 note 1.5 decay va snd .
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```
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```forth
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e3 dom9 note 1.2 decay saw s .
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e3 dom9 note 1.2 decay saw snd .
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```
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```forth
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a3 sus2 note 1.5 decay tri s .
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a3 sus2 note 1.5 decay tri snd .
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```
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Common triads:
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@@ -140,19 +140,19 @@ Four words reshape chord voicings without changing the harmony.
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`inv` moves the bottom note up an octave (inversion):
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```forth
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c4 maj inv note 1.5 decay sine s .
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c4 maj inv note 1.5 decay sine snd .
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```
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The root C goes up, giving E4 G4 C5 — first inversion. Apply it twice for second inversion:
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```forth
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c4 maj inv inv note 1.5 decay sine s .
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c4 maj inv inv note 1.5 decay sine snd .
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```
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G4 C5 E5. `dinv` does the opposite — moves the top note down an octave:
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```forth
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c4 maj dinv note 1.5 decay sine s .
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c4 maj dinv note 1.5 decay sine snd .
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```
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G3 C4 E4. The fifth drops below the root.
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@@ -160,13 +160,13 @@ G3 C4 E4. The fifth drops below the root.
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`drop2` and `drop3` are jazz voicing techniques for four-note chords. `drop2` takes the second-from-top note and drops it an octave:
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```forth
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c4 maj7 drop2 note 1.2 decay va s .
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c4 maj7 drop2 note 1.2 decay va snd .
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```
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From C4 E4 G4 B4, the G drops to G3: G3 C4 E4 B4. `drop3` drops the third-from-top:
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```forth
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c4 maj7 drop3 note 1.2 decay va s .
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c4 maj7 drop3 note 1.2 decay va snd .
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```
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E drops to E3: E3 C4 G4 B4. These create wider, more open voicings common in jazz guitar and piano.
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@@ -176,13 +176,13 @@ E drops to E3: E3 C4 G4 B4. These create wider, more open voicings common in jaz
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`tp` shifts every note on the stack by N semitones:
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```forth
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c4 maj 3 tp note 1.5 decay sine s .
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c4 maj 3 tp note 1.5 decay sine snd .
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```
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C major transposed up 3 semitones becomes Eb major. Works with any number of notes:
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```forth
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c4 min7 -2 tp note 1.5 decay va s .
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c4 min7 -2 tp note 1.5 decay va snd .
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```
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Shifts the whole chord down 2 semitones (Bb minor 7).
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@@ -190,14 +190,14 @@ Shifts the whole chord down 2 semitones (Bb minor 7).
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`oct` shifts a single note by octaves:
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```forth
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c4 1 oct note 0.3 decay sine s .
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c4 1 oct note 0.3 decay sine snd .
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```
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C5 (one octave up). Useful for bass lines:
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```forth
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0 2 4 5 7 5 4 2 8 cycle minor note
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-2 oct 0.8 gain sine s .
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-2 oct 0.8 gain sine snd .
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```
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## Scales
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@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ C5 (one octave up). Useful for bass lines:
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Scale words convert a degree index into a MIDI note. By default the root is C4 (MIDI 60):
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```forth
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0 major note 0.5 decay sine s .
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0 major note 0.5 decay sine snd .
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```
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Degree 0 of the major scale: C4. Degrees wrap with octave transposition — degree 7 gives C5 (72), degree -1 gives B3 (59).
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@@ -213,13 +213,13 @@ Degree 0 of the major scale: C4. Degrees wrap with octave transposition — degr
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Walk through a scale with `cycle`:
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```forth
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 cycle minor note 0.5 decay sine s .
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 cycle minor note 0.5 decay sine snd .
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```
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Random notes from a scale:
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```forth
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0 7 rand pentatonic note 0.8 decay va s .
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0 7 rand pentatonic note 0.8 decay va snd .
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```
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### Setting the key
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@@ -227,13 +227,13 @@ Random notes from a scale:
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By default scales are rooted at C4. Use `key!` to change the tonal center:
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```forth
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g3 key! 0 major note 0.5 decay sine s .
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g3 key! 0 major note 0.5 decay sine snd .
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```
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Now degree 0 is G3 (55) instead of C4. The key persists across steps until changed again:
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```forth
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a3 key! 0 3 5 7 3 cycle minor note 0.8 decay tri s .
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a3 key! 0 3 5 7 3 cycle minor note 0.8 decay tri snd .
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```
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A minor melody starting from A3.
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@@ -261,19 +261,19 @@ Jazz, symmetric, and modal variant scales are listed in the Reference section.
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`triad` and `seventh` build chords from scale degrees. Instead of specifying a chord type, you get whatever chord the scale produces at that degree:
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```forth
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0 major triad note 1.5 decay sine s .
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0 major triad note 1.5 decay sine snd .
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```
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Degree 0 of the major scale, stacked in thirds: C E G — a major triad. The scale determines the chord quality automatically. Degree 1 gives D F A (minor), degree 4 gives G B D (major):
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```forth
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4 major triad note 1.5 decay sine s .
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4 major triad note 1.5 decay sine snd .
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```
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`seventh` adds a fourth note:
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```forth
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0 major seventh note 1.2 decay va s .
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0 major seventh note 1.2 decay va snd .
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```
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C E G B — Cmaj7. Degree 1 gives Dm7, degree 4 gives G7 (dominant). The diatonic context determines everything.
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@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ C E G B — Cmaj7. Degree 1 gives Dm7, degree 4 gives G7 (dominant). The diatoni
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Combine with `key!` to play diatonic chords in any key:
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```forth
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g3 key! 0 major triad note 1.5 decay sine s .
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g3 key! 0 major triad note 1.5 decay sine snd .
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```
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G major triad rooted at G3.
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@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ A I-vi-IV-V chord progression using `pcycle`:
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```forth
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( 0 major seventh ) ( 5 major seventh )
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( 3 major seventh ) ( 4 major seventh ) 4 pcycle
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note 1.2 decay va s .
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note 1.2 decay va snd .
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```
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Combine with voicings for smoother voice leading:
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@@ -299,13 +299,13 @@ Combine with voicings for smoother voice leading:
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```forth
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( 0 major seventh ) ( 5 major seventh inv )
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( 3 major seventh ) ( 4 major seventh drop2 ) 4 pcycle
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note 1.5 decay va s .
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note 1.5 decay va snd .
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```
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Arpeggiate diatonic chords using `arp` (see the *Timing with at* tutorial for details on `arp`):
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```forth
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0 major seventh arp note 0.5 decay sine s .
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0 major seventh arp note 0.5 decay sine snd .
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```
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## Frequency Conversion
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@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ Arpeggiate diatonic chords using `arp` (see the *Timing with at* tutorial for de
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`mtof` converts a MIDI note to frequency in Hz. `ftom` does the reverse:
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```forth
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c4 mtof freq sine s .
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c4 mtof freq sine snd .
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```
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Useful when a synth parameter expects Hz rather than MIDI.
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