301 lines
8.5 KiB
TypeScript
301 lines
8.5 KiB
TypeScript
import { type Editor } from "../../../main";
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import { makeExampleFactory } from "../../../Documentation";
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export const ziffers_basics = (application: Editor): string => {
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const makeExample = makeExampleFactory(application);
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return `
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# Ziffers
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Ziffers is a **musical number based notation** tuned for _live coding_. It is a very powerful and flexible notation for describing musical patterns in very few characters. Number based musical notation has a long history and has been used for centuries as a shorthand technique for music notation. Amiika has written [papers](https://zenodo.org/record/7841945) and other documents describing his system. It is currently implemented for many live coding platforms including [Sardine](https://sardine.raphaelforment.fr) (Raphaël Forment) and [Sonic Pi](https://sonic-pi.net/) (Sam Aaron). Ziffers can be used for:
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- composing melodies using using **classical music notation and concepts**.
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- exploring **generative / aleatoric / stochastic** melodies and applying them to sounds and synths.
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- embracing a different mindset and approach to time and **patterning**.
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${makeExample(
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"Super Fancy Ziffers example",
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`
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z1('1/8 024!3 035 024 0124').sound('wt_stereo')
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.adsr(0, .4, 0.5, .4).gain(0.1)
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.lpadsr(4, 0, .2, 0, 0)
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.cutoff(5000 + usine(1/2) * 2000)
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.n([1,2,4].beat(4)).out()
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z2('<1/8 1/16> __ 0 <(^) (^ ^)> (0,8)').sound('wt_stereo')
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.adsr(0, .5, 0.5, .4).gain(0.2)
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.lpadsr(4, 0, .2, 0, 0).n(14)
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.cutoff(200 + usine(1/2) * 4000)
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.n([1,2,4].beat(4)).o(2).room(0.9).out()
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let osci = 1500 + usine(1/2) * 2000;
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z3('can can:2').sound().gain(1).cutoff(osci).out()
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z4('1/4 kick kick snare kick').sound().gain(1).cutoff(osci).out()
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`,
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true,
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)}
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## Evaluation
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Evaluation of live coded Ziffers patterns can be done in 3 different ways. Normal evaluation using <ic>Ctrl+Enter</ic> updates the pattern after the current cycle is finished. Evaluation using <ic>Ctrl+Shift+Enter</ic> updates the pattern immediately keeping the current position, which enables to modify future events even within the current cycle. Evaluation using <ic>Ctrl+Shift+Backspace</ic> resets the current pattern and starts from the beginning immediately.
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## Notation
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The basic Ziffer notation is entirely written in JavaScript strings (_e.g_ <ic>"0 1 2"</ic>). It consists mostly of numbers and letters. The whitespace character is used as a separator. Instead of note names, Ziffer is using numbers to represent musical pitch and letters to represent musical durations. Alternatively, _floating point numbers_ can also be used to represent durations.
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| Syntax | Symbol | Description |
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|------------ |--------|------------------------|
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| **Pitches** | <ic>0-9</ic> <ic>{10 11 21}</ic> | Numbers or escaped numbers in curly brackets |
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| **Duration** | <ic>0.25</ic>, <ic>0.5</ic> | Floating point numbers can also be used as durations |
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| **Duration** | <ic>1/4</ic>, <ic>1/16</ic> | Fractions can be used as durations |
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| **Subdivision** | <ic>[1 [2 3]]</ic> | Durations can be subdivided using square brackets |
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| **Cycles** | <ic>1 <2 4></ic> | Cycle values within the pattern |
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| **Octave** | <ic>^ _</ic> | <ic>^</ic> for octave up and <ic>_</ic> for octave down |
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| **Accidentals** | <ic># b</ic> | Sharp and flats, just like with regular music notation :smile: |
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| **Rest** | <ic>r</ic> | Rest / silences |
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| **Repeat** | <ic>!1-9</ic> | Repeat the item 1 to 9 times |
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| **Chords** | <ic>[1-9]+ / [iv]+ / [AG]+name</ic> | Multiple pitches grouped together, roman numerals or named chords |
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| **Samples** | <ic>[a-z0-9_]+</ic> | Samples can be used pitched or unpitched |
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| **Index/Channel** | <ic>[a-z0-9]+:[0-9]*</ic> | Samples or midi channel can be changed using a colon |
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**Note:** Some features are experimental and some are still unsupported. For full / prior syntax see article about <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/7841945" target="_blank">Ziffers</a>.
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${makeExample(
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"Pitches from 0 to 9",
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`
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z1('0.25 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9').sound('wt_stereo')
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.adsr(0, .1, 0, 0).out()`,
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true,
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)}
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${makeExample(
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"Escaped pitches using curly brackets",
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`z1('_ _ 0 {9 10 11} 4 {12 13 14}')
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.sound('wt_05').pan(r(0,1))
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.cutoff(usaw(1/2) * 4000)
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.room(0.9).size(0.9).out()`,
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false,
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)}
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${makeExample(
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"Durations using fractions and floating point numbers",
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`
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z1('1/8 0 2 4 0 2 4 1/4 0 3 5 0.25 _ 0 7 0 7')
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.sound('square').delay(0.5).delayt(1/8)
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.adsr(0, .1, 0, 0).delayfb(0.45).out()
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`,
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false,
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)}
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${makeExample(
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"Disco was invented thanks to Ziffers",
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`
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z1('e _ _ 0 ^ 0 _ 0 ^ 0').sound('jvbass').out()
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beat(1)::snd('bd').out(); beat(2)::snd('sd').out()
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beat(3) :: snd('cp').room(0.5).size(0.5).orbit(2).out()
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`,
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false,
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)}
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${makeExample(
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"Accidentals and rests for nice melodies",
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`
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z1('^ 1/8 0 1 b2 3 4 _ 4 b5 4 3 b2 1 0')
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.scale('major').sound('triangle')
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.cutoff(500).lpadsr(5, 0, 1/12, 0, 0)
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.fmi(0.5).fmh(2).delay(0.5).delayt(1/3)
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.adsr(0, .1, 0, 0).out()
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`,
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false,
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)}
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${makeExample(
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"Repeat items n-times",
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`
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z1('1/8 _ _ 0!4 3!4 4!4 3!4')
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.scale('major').sound('wt_oboe')
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.shape(0.2).sustain(0.1).out()
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z2('1/8 _ 0!4 5!4 4!2 7!2')
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.scale('major').sound('wt_oboe')
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.shape(0.2).sustain(0.1).out()
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`,
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false,
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)}
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${makeExample(
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"Subdivided durations",
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`
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z1('w [0 [5 [3 7]]] h [0 4]')
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.scale('major').sound('sine')
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.fmi(usine(.5)).fmh(2).out()
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`,
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false,
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)}
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## Rests
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${makeExample(
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"Rest and octaves",
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`
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z1('q 0 ^ e0 r _ 0 _ r 4 ^4 4')
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.sound('sine').scale("godian").out()
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`,
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true,
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)}
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${makeExample(
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"Rests with durations",
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`
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z1('q 0 4 e^r 3 e3 0.5^r h4 1/4^r e 5 r 0.125^r 0')
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.sound('sine').scale("aeryptian").out()
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`,
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true,
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)}
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## Chords
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Chords can be build by grouping pitches or using roman numeral notation, or by using named chords.
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${makeExample(
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"Chords from pitches",
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`
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z1('1.0 024 045 058 046 014')
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.sound('sine').adsr(0.5, 1, 0, 0)
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.room(0.5).size(0.9)
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.scale("minor").out()
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`,
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true
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)}
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${makeExample(
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"Chords from roman numerals",
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`
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z1('2/4 i vi ii v')
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.sound('triangle').adsr(0.2, 0.3, 0, 0)
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.room(0.5).size(0.9).scale("major").out()
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`,
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true
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)}
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${makeExample(
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"Named chords with repeats",
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`
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z1('0.25 Bmaj7!2 D7!2 _ Gmaj7!2 Bb7!2 ^ Ebmaj7!2')
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.sound('square').room(0.5).cutoff(500)
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.lpadsr(4, 0, .4, 0, 0).size(0.9)
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.scale("major").out()
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`,
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true
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)}
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${makeExample(
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"Transposing chords",
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`
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z1('q Amin!2').key(["A2", "E2"].beat(4))
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.sound('sawtooth').cutoff(500)
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.lpadsr(2, 0, .5, 0, 0, 0).out()`,
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)}
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${makeExample(
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"Chord inversions with roman numerals",
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`
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z1('i i v%-4 v%-2 vi%-5 vi%-3 iv%-2 iv%-1')
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.sound('triangle').adsr(1/16, 1/5, 0.1, 0)
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.delay(0.5).delayt([1/8, 1/4].beat(4))
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.delayfb(0.5).out()
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beat(4) :: sound('breaks165').stretch(4).out()
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`,
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)}
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${makeExample(
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"Chord inversion with named chords",
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`
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z1('1/4 Cmin!3 Fmin!3 Fmin%-1 Fmin%-2 Fmin%-1')
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.sound("sine").bpf(500 + usine(1/4) * 2000)
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.out()
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`,
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)}
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${makeExample(
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"Programmatic inversions",
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`
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z1('1/6 i v 1/3 vi iv').invert([1,-1,-2,0].beat(4))
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.sound("sawtooth").cutoff(1000)
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.lpadsr(2, 0, .2, 0, 0).out()
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`,
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)}
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## Arpeggios
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Chords can be arpeggiated using the @-character within the ziffers notation or by using <ic>arpeggio</ic> method.
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${makeExample(
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"Arpeggio using the mini-notation",
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`
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z1("(i v vi%-3 iv%-2)@(s 0 2 0 1 2 1 0 2)")
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.sound("sine").out()
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`,
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)}
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${makeExample(
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"Arpeggio from named chords with durations",
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`
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z1("_ Gm7 ^ C9 D7 Gm7")
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.arpeggio("e 0 2 q 3 e 1 2")
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.sound("sine").out()
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`,
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)}
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${makeExample(
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"Arpeggio from roman chords with inversions",
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`
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z1("i v%-1 vi%-1 iv%-2")
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.arpeggio(0,2,1,2)
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.noteLength(0.125)
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.sound("sine").out()
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`,
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)}
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## Chaining
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- Basic notation
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${makeExample(
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"Simple method chaining",
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`
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z1('0 1 2 3').key('G3')
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.scale('minor').sound('sine').out()
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`,
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true,
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)}
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${makeExample(
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"More complex chaining",
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`
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z1('0 1 2 3 4').key('G3').scale('minor').sound('sine').often(n => n.pitch+=3).rarely(s => s.delay(0.5)).out()
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`,
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true,
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)}
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${makeExample(
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"Alternative way for inputting options",
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`
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z1('0 3 2 4',{key: 'D3', scale: 'minor pentatonic'}).sound('sine').out()
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`,
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true,
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)}
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## String prototypes
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You can also use string prototypes as an alternative syntax for creating Ziffers patterns
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${makeExample(
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"String prototypes",
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`
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"q 0 e 5 2 6 2 q 3".z0().sound('sine').out()
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"q 2 7 8 6".z1().octave(-1).sound('sine').out()
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"q 2 7 8 6".z2({key: "C2", scale: "aeolian"}).sound('sine').scale("minor").out()
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`,
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true,
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)}
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`;
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};
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